The word kōwhai pulls strongly toward the warm ochre of the native kōwhai flower. The resulting average is richer, more organic, and further from pure spectral yellow than any other language.
צהוב (tsahov) produces imagery that remains remarkably close to #FFFF00 (ΔE 3.7). The results are dominated by flat, graphic yellows: signs, products, and digital interfaces. A culturally compressed, almost “pure” yellow.
In more than a third of the languages, yellow drifts toward the gold-amber spectrum. Arabic, Hindi, Thai and several others show this strong cultural overlap between yellow and gold — currency, ceremony, divinity.
Portuguese, Swahili, Tagalog and others show a clear shift toward skin tones and tropical sunlight. In these datasets, contextual warmth (people, nature, environment) outweighs graphic yellow objects.
In Ukrainian, Swedish, Spanish, German and Lithuanian results, national flag yellow is a strong signal. Yellow rarely appears alone, it is anchored by its national colours.